Freezing a sample of semen or a testicle biopsy, cryopreservation, is a relatively simple technique in where a cryoprotector is added to the sample which is then frozen with liquid nitrogen vapours (-196 ºC). This process is done in the following indications:
It is used in cases of severe oligoasthenoteratospermia (low sperm count and/or slow mobility and/or bad morphology) or in periods of no sperm in ejaculations with the hope of having a sufficient number of motil sperm when used.
In uroandrological pathologies with coital problems (malformations, impotence, etc.).
The storage of ejaculations previous to a treatment which can promise fertility in the future: Vasectomies, cancer treatments (chemo or radiation therapy), etc.
When there are difficulties obtaining samples of ejaculations.
The samples from testicular biopsies may be used fresh, freezing the remaining sample to avoid the need to take another biopsy if another treatment is required, or the can cryopreserved directly and unfrozen on the day to be used.
The number of necessary samples to assure a sufficient number of sperm when unfrozen varies in function of the quality of each one and of the treatment indicated.
IVF viable embryos transferred to the uterus can be frozen for later use. The possible destinations for frozen embryos are specified in law 14/2006 on assisted reproduction techniques. Embryos can be used during a women's complete reproductive period.
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